Sunday, February 5, 2017

OBJECTIONS ON TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE


By: Atty. Eduardo T. Reyes, III

(Prepared for Law 3-A, 
University of San Agustin Law School,  
SY 2016-2017)

ACTIVITY NO. 1
EVIDENCE

OBJECTING TO QUESTIONS PROPOUNDED ON A WITNESS

In this activity, the student attorney must pore over the fictional transcripts of examination of witnesses and interpose the proper objections by filling-out the blanks. As discussed during the lecture, as a litigation attorney, he/ she should always be on his/ her toes in objecting to questions that seek to elicit, wittingly or unwittingly, inadmissible testimony like a seasoned musician who has always an ear for a wrong chord or note. The vagaries of witness examination calls for instinctive gut feel, - or snap judgment call- as there is only a split second window from the time the objectionable question is propounded and the witness’s answer. Beyond that window, the objection is deemed waived under the Rules. 

I.                In a deal involving sale of a tract of land:

X x x
1.1.           Q- Mr. witness, you mentioned earlier that the sale involving that piece of land known as Lot 1455 was entered into verbally with no written document, can you tell the court what terms and conditions were agreed upon involving such sale?

Objections:__________________  

II.              In a rape case, the victim is being cross-examined:

Xxx
2.1.          Q- Madame witness, you narrated during the direct examination that you were sexually assaulted by the accused in a dark portion of the subdivision, is that correct?

A- Yes sir.
2.2.         Q- From the time he parked his vehicle at that dark portion, you said it took only less than a minute until he successfully raped you, why, so quick madame witness, what kind of panties were you wearing at that time?

A- Red, sir.

Objections: ________________

III.            In a murder case:

Xxx
3.1.          Q- Mr. witness, you claimed that you saw the accused shoot the victim on that fateful night of 14 February 2016 at 10PM, correct?

A-    Yes, sir.

3.2.         Q- Is it not correct that at 10PM that portion of the road is not well lighted?

A-    Yes sir it was dark but there were lights from some houses not too far away.

3.3.         Q- So you are telling the court that despite the fact that it was pitch dark you were still able to see the accused?

A- Yes, sir.

3.4.        Q- By the way, what kind of gun did the accused use in shooting the victim?

A- I don’t know sir but it was short.

3.5.         Q- Mr. witness, you are lying right?

A- No sir I don’t lie.

3.6.        Q- Is it not a fact that you work as a male prostitute at night?

A- Yes sir but only once a week.

Objections: __________

IV.            In a  homicide case, the accused interposes alibi as defense. He is being examined by his counsel. You are the private prosecutor.

Xxx
4.1.          Q- Mr. witness, where were you last 16 February 2016 at about 9PM?

A- I was working as assistant to the carpenters of Mr. Lee.

4.2.         Q- How long have you been working for this Mr. Lee?

A- Only that night sir.

4.3.        Q- It was already 9 o’ clock in the evening so meaning to say you were working overtime?

A- Yes, sir.

4.4.        Q- Why were you working overtime?

A- Because Mr. Lee wanted the renovation of his house finished that night.

4.5.        Q- Do you know the victim in this case?

A-    I just heard about him from friends.

4.6.        Q- When did you come to know that the victim was killed on this night of 16 February 2016?

A- I heard about it from the news on radio.

4.7.         Q- What was your reaction if any when you learned that he was killed?

A- Nothing I just thought it was another death caused by too much drinking alcohol in public. Until I heard that I was the suspect so I panicked.

4.8.        Q-  When you learned that you were the suspect in his killing, how did you react?

A- I panicked sir so I boarded a jeepney and went to my grandparent’s farm in Negros Oriental.

4.9.        Q-What then did you do after that?

A- I stayed there until the day when policemen came and arrested me they said I had a warrant for my arrest.

4.10.     Q- And when the police arrested you there, did you tell them that you had nothing to do with the killing of the victim?

A- I did not sir. I just remained silent because you advised me sir to stay quiet when I called you on the phone.

4.11.       Q- Do you recall that during the preliminary investigation in this case, you executed a counter-affidavit dated 07 April 2016 before Prosecutor Versace?

A- Yes sir.

4.12.      Q- I am showing to you this counter-affidavit, and here it is clear that when the prosecutor asked you what did you do after you were arrested, you protested to the police officers that you were innocent?

A- Because that was what you told me to say in my counter-affidavit sir.

4.13.      Q- Mr. witness, did I not tell you that you should not divulge to the court anything which I advised you because that is part of lawyer-client privilege communication?

A- I am sorry, I forgot that sir.

Objections: _______________


V.              In a case where the Mr. X claims that the decedent owed him some Php50,000,000.00, Mr. X was testifying in the estate settlement of Y, thus:

Xxx
5.1.          Q- Mr. X, can you tell the court what kind of transaction was it where the decedent obtained that loan from you?

Objections: _________


VI.            In a case where Mrs. Sharapova, a Filipina married to an Armenian National was testifying in support of their defense that the free patent issued to them by the Philippine Government was regularly issued after they purchased the land from the heirs of Mr. Ibuna (the tax declarants), the counsel for the plaintiffs was conducting cross-examination in this wise:

Xxx
6.1.         Q- Madame Sharapova, is it not that you married Mr. Sharapova in 1990?

A- December 24, 1990 sir.

6.2.        Q- That prior to your marriage with him, you were not employed and had no means of income?

A- Yes, sir.

6.3.        Q- In fact, you came from a very poor family correct?

A-    Yes, sir.

6.4.        Q-Such that when you married Mr. Sharapova, it was he who brought money to your marriage right?

A- Yes sir.

6.5.        Q- And that the money which was used to buy the land all came from the money of Mr. Sharapova and not your money?

A-    It was already our money sir after we got married. All his money became mine too.

Objections: _______________

VII.          In a murder case, the barangay chairman is testifying that he was the one who fished out from the well of the compound of the accused the bonnet, the bloodied shirt and cap which the accused allegedly wore in committing the crime. Thus:

Xxx
7.1.          Q- Mr. Barangay chairman, how did you know that these items namely the bonnet, the bloodied shirt and cap were there in the well of the accused’s house?

A- The accused’s wife told me sir when I went to their house after the incident.

7.2.         Q- How did you ask the accused’s wife about it?

A-    I compelled her to disclose her knowledge or else I will arrest her myself and she admitted that her husband, the accused whispered to her that he killed someone and hid his clothes, cap and bonnet in their well.


Objections: _________________

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